Thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) arthritis, also known as basal joint arthritis, is a common condition that affects the base of the thumb. This type of arthritis can cause significant pain and functional limitations, impacting daily activities that involve gripping and pinching. Understanding the symptoms and available treatments is crucial for managing this condition effectively.

Symptoms of Thumb CMC (Basal Joint) Arthritis

Thumb CMC arthritis occurs when the cartilage in the joint at the base of the thumb wears down, leading to pain and inflammation. Common symptoms include:

Pain

• Localized Pain: Pain at the base of the thumb, especially when gripping or pinching objects.
• Activity-Related Pain: Increased pain during or after activities that involve using the thumb, such as opening jars, turning keys, or writing.

Swelling and Stiffness

• Swelling: Swelling around the base of the thumb, which can make the joint appear enlarged.
• Stiffness: Reduced range of motion and stiffness, particularly in the morning or after periods of inactivity.

Weakness and Decreased Function

• Weak Grip: Difficulty gripping objects firmly, leading to frequent dropping of items.
• Decreased Dexterity: Challenges in performing fine motor tasks, such as buttoning a shirt or holding a pen.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several factors can contribute to the development of thumb CMC arthritis:

Aging

The risk of developing CMC arthritis increases with age due to the natural wear and tear of the joint.

Genetics

A family history of arthritis can increase the likelihood of developing this condition.

Repetitive Use

Activities that involve repetitive thumb movements can accelerate joint wear and tear.

Injury

Previous injuries to the thumb joint can increase the risk of developing arthritis in the joint.

Treatment Options for Thumb CMC Arthritis

Treatment for thumb CMC arthritis focuses on relieving pain, improving function, and maintaining joint mobility. Options include both non-surgical and surgical approaches.

Non-Surgical Treatments

Non-surgical treatments are typically the first line of management for thumb CMC arthritis:

• Splinting: Wearing a thumb splint can help immobilize the joint, reducing pain and inflammation.
• Medications: Over-the-counter pain relievers like NSAIDs (ibuprofen) can help reduce pain and inflammation. In some cases, prescription medications may be necessary.
• Steroid Injections: Corticosteroid injections can provide temporary relief from pain and inflammation by reducing swelling in the joint.
• Physical Therapy: Exercises to strengthen the muscles around the thumb and improve range of motion can be beneficial.

Surgical Treatments

Arthroscopy

When non-surgical treatments are insufficient in managing symptoms, surgical options may be considered:

• Ligament Reconstruction and Tendon Interposition (LRTI): This procedure involves removing part of the damaged joint and reconstructing it using a tendon from the wrist to create a cushion and stabilize the thumb.
• Arthroplasty: Joint replacement surgery where the damaged joint surfaces are replaced with artificial components.
• Arthrodesis: Joint fusion surgery where the bones in the joint are fused together to eliminate movement and pain.

Basal Joint Arthritis Thumb CMC: Conclusion

Thumb CMC arthritis can significantly impact daily life, but understanding the symptoms and available treatments can help manage the condition effectively. Non-surgical treatments such as splinting, medications, and physical therapy are often effective in relieving symptoms. For more severe cases, surgical options like LRTI and arthroplasty can provide relief and restore function.

If you have basal joint arthritis (CMC) of the thumb and need consultation or treatment, speak with Dr. Alejandro Badia today. He will provide personalized care and treatment options.

Dr. Alejandro Badia, MD, FACS
Gramercy Surgery Center
380 2nd Avenue
Suite #1000
New York, NY 10010
(929) 605-4263

Dr. Alejandro Badia is an internationally renowned hand surgeon specializing in hand, wrist, elbow, and shoulder issues. With a primary practice in Miami, FL, he is now expanding his expertise to the NYC area. Learn more about his work and expertise here.